Module Text Questions Essay

Review Questions 1. What are the four types of evidence in a criminal investigation? 1. Physical Evidence 2. Demonstrative Evidence 3. Documentary Evidence 4. Testimony 2. What are individual characteristics? Give an example of an individual characteristic? -Individual Characteristics is evidence that have special characteristics that make it possible to trace the evidence back to a specific person, place or item. Some examples are fingerprints, body fluids, tread from shoes, etc. 3. What is the difference between individual characteristics and class characteristics? -The difference between these two are that individual characteristics can be traced to a specific person and be almost exact while Class Characteristics are able to just be associated to a group. 4. What are physical and chemical properties? Give an example of each. -Physical Properties describe a substance or object. For example it could be the size, weight or color of a fragment of glass. -Chemical Properties describe what happen when a chemical reacts with another chemical. For example Heroin with Marquis Reagent turns purple and shows it presence of the drug. 5. What do forensic scientists do to collect and preserve soil samples? To collect the soil they impressions will be photographed with a ruler next to it to show the dimensions. To preserve the soil samples a whole shoe may be taken to the lab to test. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why do you think forensic scientists are so careful that the tests they do are sensitive, reproducible, and specific? What might happen if they were less careful about this? -The tests are so sensitive because if something is not accurate it could change the outcome of a case. They must make sure that all test results are accurate a reproduce the same results multiple times for it to be reliable. 2. Which type of evidence do you think is most useful in an investigation? Why? -I think physical evidence is more important because it can be tested against suspects and establish what happened during the crime. 3. Why do you think that forensic scientists continue to look for  class characteristics given their limitations? I think they continue to look for class characteristics because even if they are hard to come by when you find them the can give great details about the crime. 4. What do you think would be some of the challenges in collecting and preserving impressions? Why? Making casts of an impression may be difficult because if it is in mud it could distort the tracks. 5. If you were on a jury, do you think you would expect individual characteristics in the evidence? Why or why not? What effects might it have if individuals expect to have individuals characteristics presented? -No, because most of the time criminals are very careful to make sure not to leave evidence of being there. If you expect there to be individual evidence you may be completely mislead during the whole case.

Victor Frankenstein

Man (Victor) vs. God Half-frozen, trembling, and troubled are all adjectives that could describe Victor Frankenstein when a ship captain by the name of Robert Walton rescued him in the middle of the Artic. From dialogue between the two, we are informed that Victor Frankenstein has spent his entire life trying to learn everything he could about science and medicine. However, Victor used his knowledge differently than his professors had intended for him to.Written in 1816, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein – is vivid portrayal of Victor Frankenstein and the â€Å"fiend† he creates. In the early stages of his education, Victor was interested in learning new and foreign things –concepts and ideas about life and death. Though as the story progresses, it becomes clear Victor becomes consumed with trying to â€Å"play† God by creating a new life. Frankenstein – tells the story of the age-old battle of Man vs. God. From childhood, Victor had the odd, but u nique, obsession of the concept of life and death.His interest in death first sparked when a carriage killed his dog, Bruno. Victor desperately wanted to change fate and bring Bruno back to life, but being young and without proper education, Victor did not know how to go about reviving the dog. During a thunderstorm the very next night, Victor witnessed the unmatched power of lightning and electricity when a tree was struck during the storm. He was amazed and astonished at how much destruction the electrical storm had caused – but the lighting was not the only thing that sparked that night.Something also sparked in Victor that night. He wondered if he too could also create something as beautiful as life. A few short weeks later, Victor’s mother became very ill after contracting the common illness of the time, scarlet fever. She died a few short weeks later. Victor was utterly devastated by his mother’s death and he longed for a way to bring her back to life. I f ell that Shelley uses instances, such as this one, to portray how we as humans are not only enthralled with power, but also with being powerful.I believe that the plot used by Mary Shelly, particularly with the death of Victor’s mother, illustrates how Victor wanted the same power God has – and ultimately tried to play the role of God by creating life. After arriving at the University in Ingolstadt, Victor’s enrolled in Science classes so he could learn everything there was to know about the human body and medicine. He would spend class time and stay up hours on end at nigh, continually reading his texts. But as Victor’s knowledge of the sciences grew, so did the ever-burning desire he had to create a new life.However, Victor would ignore his own warning given to his friend Walton, urging him to not follow his example, warning him, â€Å"Learn from me . . . how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his n ative town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. † His notion that he could use what he had witnessed as a child to create a living creature, consumed his life so much that Victor would rarely leave his room.After he felt that he had learned enough to bring a body to life – he did. Ironically, during a storm, he is successful in his quest to possess that God-like power of giving life to the non-living. However, Victor is immediately repulsed, stating, â€Å"†¦the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. † His life had become so consumed on bringing it to life, that he did not take the time to think of the consequences of his actions or his creation.Here, Shelley seems to argue that ignorance is bliss. After the creation of the fiend, Victor is so frightened that he spends the night in his courtyard, afraid to reenter his home. Saddened by the reaction of his creator upon ini tial sight of his creation, the fiend leaves Victor’s house while Victor is still in the courtyard. Victor lets be and does not search for the monster. We learn about the misfortunes of Victor’s family. The fiend, as revenge for Victor’s actions, murders several of Frankenstein’s family members.Everywhere the monster goes, he is faced with the realization that most people are frightened by just how he looks. Years of being an outcast of society leave the creature cold and spiteful. The creature explains his anger, saying, â€Å"There was non among the myriads of men that existed who would pity or assist me; and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No: from that moment I declared everlasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me and sent me forth to this insupportable misery. But pity can be felt as the monster describes the moment he learns that the most respected men in society have wealth and influence, he sta tes, â€Å"I possessed no money, no friends, no kind of property. † Shelley uses this quote to underscore the theme of man's cruelty and injustice. She also uses scenes like these to describe and depict how horrible the situation can end up being when humans try to play the role of God and attempt things that humans don’t have the full power or knowledge to do.In conclusion, it is more than safe to say that throughout the novel Victor Frankenstein was constantly consumed with learning new things about life and death, stating â€Å"Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember. † That obsession lead to Victor’s attempt to assume the role of God. Victor’s quest for knowledge proves he is determined to do anything and everything that it takes to become more educated in the sciences – ultimately attempting and succeeding at g iving life to a human being.Unlike the majority of the people of his time, Victor did not believe that God is the only one who can create a life – he felt that he could do it as well. The outcome of his actions and – multiple deaths, a terrorized populace, a monster – is concrete proof that things such as the creation life should be left in the hands of the true creator†¦God. Mary Shelley used her novel to paint a vivid picture for the audience. The image illustrates that if we try playing God, it will likely end in disaster, just as it did in the case of Victor Frankenstein.

Analysis of Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analysis of Strategic Planning - Essay Example He explained that the success of the company depends on the strategy they chose such as cost leadership, differentiation, and focus; and a firm, for its smooth running must choose one of the strategies and work on it. Cost Leadership The cost leadership strategy helps the firm to remain as a low-cost producer in the industry. To achieve the maximum result, this strategy must be utilized on a standardized product by trying to make maximum use of the cost sources. When there is a price war, or when the industry matures, a firm with cost leadership can remain profitable for a longer period than the competing firms. Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy means uniqueness within the industry, having specific dimensions that buyers are ready to value and willing to pay a price premium. Even if there is an increase in the price of the product, the producer still gets the profitability, because the product has the unique attributes and the consumers are not able to find a substitu te product easily. Focus strategy This strategy tries to achieve either cost advantage or differentiation advantage, concentrating on a narrow segment. The focus strategy focuses entirely on the needs of the group, and so enjoys greater customer loyalty. The following part of the paper will discuss how some prominent retail firms have been implementing the above-said strategies in their business operation. Tesco, a world-famous retailer firm, refers to generic strategies as a tool to determine the characteristics of retailers’ response to industry structure. Big concerns like Tesco can obtain the reasonable cutthroat benefit by following any one of the three generic strategies of Porter. By utilizing the first strategy of cost leadership, Tesco can try to have the lowest production cost in the whole industry and can offer their products and service to the market at the lowest cost. The cost leadership strategy shows the ability of the firms to control their operating costs so well that they can price their products competitively. Having a greater degree of competitive advantage, they are able to generate high profit margins. If differentiation strategy is to be established, Tesco has to offer products and services which has the unique feature that is not offered by any other firm. If so, the firm gets a brand loyalty and inelasticity of price. Between these two strategies, Tesco chooses to follow the cost leadership strategy. To select between the strategies, the management had made use of the last porter’s focus strategy. For the implementation of the strategy, they introduced different tactics, such as focusing on the internal efficiencies which helped Tesco to resist the outer force from the other firms. On the way to control their cost of production, they had regular communication with the suppliers, government, and the regulatory authorities. They made a policy to supply the specific products to the broad market. These helped them in attaini ng a high position and profitability.  

The Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Crusades - Essay Example The outcomes of the Crusades on Europe during this era became a significant aspect in evolving and in the development of the European civilization, affecting all aspects of life. These include the riches and control of the Catholic Church. Thus, it further increased and expanded their influence and supremacy, placing the Christian legion and resources under their full control. In addition, they attuned the people to look upon them as leaders. Above and beyond all the clout and dominance the papacy had on the people, the pouring out of gifts of devoutness was engorged by the astonishing zeal of spiritual passion into epic scope. In all these, the preeminence of papal rule and the prosperity of the Catholic Church were immensely amplified. Another aspect that was greatly developed because of the Crusades was on business and trading. A steady exigency for transportation led to the construction of ships. This widened the borders of trade, broadening the market into all of Europe. Overflo wing trade goods coming from the rich lands of China and other Asian countries also found their way to Europe, therefore, building a stronger association with the European and Asian cultures. The crusades undoubtedly changed Western European life. For example, they helped chip away feudalism. Countless noblemen and knights loaned or sold away their lands to finance journeys and expeditions. This deterioration in both the numbers and power, and the matching intensification of the regal power, may be pinned down in the revolution that transpired in the birthplace of the movement, France. The Crusades, aside from their effects on religious and economical facet, facilitated the decomposition of the power of feudal nobility. It gave way to the importance of the kings and the people. Societal growth and expansion were now in the hands of the burgher class, or the middle class. Social changes also sprung out from the Crusades. It was one of the primary and the most important nurturing stim ulus of the code of chivalry. Intensified and re-enforced contact and communication with Eastern influences also were refined during this period. The religious war reformed the crusaders’ intellectual beliefs and ideas as well. They liberalized their mentality, and encouraged them to venture out from castles and villages to go and explore grand urban towns and cities, magnificent palaces, marvelous clothing, and stylish and graceful etiquette. These people came home with enhanced preferences, widened beliefs and views about the world. Because of the crusades, a new world was opened in front of them. The motivation given to geographical breakthrough that changed the entire concept and thinking of the way the world was directed different explorers, such as the notable Italian Marco Polo who discovered the beauty of China, rousing the adventures and voyages of Vasco de Gama, Magellan and Christopher Columbus, may possibly be tracked back to the vigorous awareness in geographical subjects. Jerry Ciacho November 20, 2011 The Black Death The Black Death, the immense outburst of the Bubonic Plague, was indeed among the most terrible and devastating blows in all of history. It wiped out more than a hundred million people, eating into cities and towns, encroaching with a steady but unbelievably rapid stride but hit its upmost death toll in Europe during the Middle Ages between 1348 and 1350. Many believe this global virulent disease initially came from China. The bubonic plague for the most part affected only rodents, but fleas started to spread the disease to people. China was the bustling trading center of the world and with the outbreak, it was bound to extend to Western Asia and the rest of Europe. Reaching the shores of

Relationship between science and Bible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Relationship between science and Bible - Essay Example This idea is neither a biblical nor logical inference (Yasri & Mancy 2). The Bible even states it clearly that the earth is by the heavens and not the other way round (Jaki 224). The paper discusses the relationship that exists between the Bible and science. Zigerell (314) explains that the early proponents such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Nicholas Copernicus were all Christians. The famous scientist Isaac Newton stated that the most beautiful system of the planets, comets and sun could proceed only from the dominion and counsel on a powerful and intelligent being (Zigerell 315). Therefore, the Bible and science are closely related. Scientists agree with the physical world described in the Bible. Zigerell (315) asserts that some of the scientific principles described in the Bible in the thousands years ago are (El-Hani & Claudia 103). The Bible and science relate in various ways as discussed below. The bible addresses statements consistent with the astronomy (Zigerell 315 ). The Bible refers frequently to the great number of stars that are in heaven. The book of Genesis talks of the stars (Schroeder 178). In chapter twenty-two, verse seventeen of Genesis book states how God was to bless Abraham. God will bless Abraham abundantly, and he will multiply the descendants of Abraham as the heavenly stars and as the sand that are on the seashore (Zigerell 315). The descendants of Abraham will be able to possess the gates of their enemies. The book of Jeremiah also addresses the issue of stars (Zigerell 316). Chapter thirty three of the book of Jeremiah explains how God was to bless the descendants of His servant David and the Levites who were ministering to him. â€Å"As the host of the heavens cannot be numbered, nor the sand of the sea be measured, so I will multiply the descendants of David My servant and the Levites who minister to me† (Jer. 33:1). The number of stars that are in heaven is not in the two books, but they are to be many (Yasri & Ma ncy 3). Scientists even today admit that they are not aware of the number of stars in the heaven (Yasri & Mancy 3). With the naked eyes, the scientists are only able to account for 3,000 stars. Scientists have estimated the number of stars and seashore sand grains of the earth to be great numbers, but they don’t give the exact values of each (Jaki 225). The Bible states that the stars are unique (Zigerell 316). The book of I Corinthians 15:41 express the uniqueness of each star. The book states that, â€Å"there is one glory of the sun, another glory of the moon and another glory of the stars; for one star differs from another star in glory† (Jaki 226). Scientists explain that all stars look the same when observed with the naked eyes (El-Hani & Claudia 104). The stars seem to be just light points when seen from a telescope. When the light spectra of stars are, it reveals that each star is unique and is different from the others (Yasri & Mancy 3). The movement precision in the universe has in the Bible (Zigerell 317). The book of Jeremiah 31:35-36 describes the movement precision in the universe. Scientists have also explained the movements that occur within the universe (Yasri & Mancy 4). The Bible also describes how the earth is in the space (Zigerell 317).

Roots of development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Roots of development - Article Example Development of good institutions are key to continue economic growth as evidenced from the colonial times. Most countries which had favourable geography for the Europeans, benefited from the development of this kind of development. North American and Australia, had better geographical conditions more than African countries and South America hence the different levels of economic developments. Due to the bad geographical conditions in Africa, there was a high mortality rate among settlers, hence utilising the continent as a source for raw materials. They planted institutions during the colonial period bring about the economical differences as seen in the present world. According to the author, government policies have a tremendous impact on the economic growth. This is further supported by the fact that countries with good policies supporting business, are doing well while those that are not are doing dismally terms of economy. Moreover, policies acts as the proxy for institutional development, thus poor policies will deter development of the institutions necessary for rapid economic development. This fact leaves policies as the most fundamental factor determining economic growth in a particular country (Print,

READ ON THE INSTRUCTION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

READ ON THE INSTRUCTION - Assignment Example However, some critics argue that this program just influenced women to have a baby earlier, rather than to have more babies. Evidently, the fundamental intention of this program is to increase the number of babies a woman has and thereby increase the overall birthrate of the country. In order to improve the chances that this program’s economic incentives would truly increase the birthrate, it is recommendable for the government to increase the amount of payment with respect to the number of babies. When women are paid on the basis of the number of babies they have, they are likely to give birth to more babies. Similarly, it would be a good idea to double the payment to the women who deliver their third of fourth baby. The government can consider some other attractive offers such as cars, laptop, or free electricity to women who conceive third or fourth time. The government may also consider opening a bank account in the name of newborn infants and bearing their full life expenses till they reach a particular age limit. Such alterations to this program may influence women to have more babies rather than to have a baby earlier. In addition, the government must pay all the hospital bills related to pregnancy/delivery and provide women with nutritional foods for some months post delivery. So as to determine whether or not this program really assists the country to increase its birthrate, the government can perform periodical census programs. Evaluating the increases in the country’s total tax revenues is also a potential strategy to analyze the performance efficiency of the program implemented. Finally, analyzing school entry data at primary classes can be a practical way to assess the outcome of the

How the neo-liberals ideas has influenced the world order Essay

How the neo-liberals ideas has influenced the world order - Essay Example Since the advent of the end of the Cold War, it is experienced that the ideas of the neo-liberalists has widely taken place. Hence, the contemporary states economy have imbibed the culture of free trade, free economy entry and exist of labour and the opening of their state economy to the international market for active competition. This scenario of the international order, with the aid of modern improvement in the world technological base, has resulted in the expansion and the consolidation of globalization. The stand of socialism has given way to capitalist society, where the rule of price is a cogent force that determines the market situation. Hence, governments through the policy of privatization and commercialization , deregulation of their states economies have given up several state corporations to the private individuals and private bodies; thus, bringing to the fore front the phasing out of the socialist and communist doctrines. The enshrinement of the neo lib al doctrines in the world order would not have gain its immense success if international organizations such as UN, World Bank, IMF, WTO , have not backed up and imbibe the culture and ideas of free trade and the globalization of the world economy. This write- up tends to discuss the ways in which Neo- liberalism has influenced the world order. IDEAS OF THE NEO- LIBRALS The neo-liberals based their ideas on the neo- classical economists’ doctrines, which is an extension of the classical economists’ ideology. The neoclassical economists contend that slow or negative growth results from poor resource allocation from non market prices and excessive Third World state intervention. Hence, the argument that promote competitive free market, privatization of public enterprises, supporting export and free international trade, liberalizing trade and exchange rates, allowing exchange rates to attain a market- clearing rate, removing barriers to foreign investment, rewarding domestic savings, reducing government spending and monetary expansion, and removing regulations and price distortions in financial, re source and commodity markets, would spur increased efficiency and economy growth was upheld. (Dibie, 2000:18) according to Albo (1996), "Neo-liberals have fostered the movement to freer trade and deregulation of labour markets, arguing that overcoming the constraint of limited markets is the means to increase growth, remedy trade imbalances, and lower unemployment. The state needs to be forced to comply with the 'laws' of the market". It is seen that the socialist and communist's ideas of government control of the means of production is greatly opposed in all its' ramifications by the neo liberalists, Hence a capitalist structure that support free trade and free movement of labour is supported. The neo-liberals ideas are summed up in what is widely known as 'globalization'. "Globalization can be briefly defined as the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders" (Holm & Sorensen, 1995:4). A key characteristic of the globalization is that the actors involved are not only states but non- state actors, particularly multinational or trans- national corporations. It is now the case that more than half of the top economies in the world are corporations not states, and international investment is increasingly private" (OHCHR, 2005). Many international trade theorists, such as Gottfried Haberler, Jacob Viner, Alex Cairncross and Peter Baur, have expanded and reinforced the classical and neoclassical views. These scholars share the neoclassical belief that trade can promote the growths that are favourable to the other sectors. (Dibie, 2000:15). To Haberler (1968), the emphasized international trade has several indirect and dynamic benefits, apart from static gains to the trading countries. One of the benefits is the introduction of new technologies in less developed countries.

Exotic Animals Essay Example for Free

Exotic Animals Essay The exotic animal trade is a growing industry in which exotic animals are bred, sold, and traded in massive amounts. Millions of exotic animals are being kept in private residences, small roadside zoos, and traveling wild animal exhibits. Sadly, beautiful and majestic animals are being held captive in unfortunate living conditions. They are being deprived the enrichment and companionship that they require to develop and flourish effectively as if they were living in the wild. These mistreated animals can be extremely dangerous to human health, the safety of the public, and the animals themselves. Many exotic animal attacks have been front page news; most recently, the release and killing of forty-nine exotic animals in Zanesville, Ohio, was said to be the worst exotic animal incident in United States history. This dangerous incident and those like it need to be thoroughly investigated, and legislation must be improved to avoid future incidents. Stricter laws will ensure exotic animals are being cared for humanely and the public is protected. Common exotic animals that are being purchased for private ownership or entertainment purposes are large game cats, bears, wolves, zebras, reptiles, birds, and nonhuman primates. The genetic anomalies of zedonks, crossbreeding zebras with donkeys, are even being advertised for sale (Green). All of these exotic animals may seem cute and cuddly in zoos and other exhibits, but they are extremely dangerous if not cared for appropriately. The care of exotic animals can be expensive, and many people will purchase these animals unaware of the costs that are required to maintain the animal’s health and environment. Many investigations into exotic animal attacks have revealed that these animals are not being cared for in humane ways. They were not being fed adequately and have not received appropriate medical care. The conditions these animals are forced to live in can make them violent towards owners or handlers. They become violent because they are hungry or because of health problems they have developed due to their ill-treatment. Exotic animals can carry diseases that can be dangerous to humans and, in some cases, even fatal. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that seventy thousand people in the United States contract the bacterial disease salmonella from the handling of reptiles, such as snakes or iguanas (Kirpalani). Humans have died from being exposed to diseases like the Monkey B virus carried by nonhuman primates as well as rabies found in many different species of animals. Additionally, humans can pose a threat to the exotic animals when they come into contact with them. Diseases that humans carry, like the herpes simplex virus, if contracted, can be fatal to certain small primates (Parsell). Many people question why there are a great number of exotic animals for sale in the United States. The answer is simple: exotic animal trade has been significantly profitable for those parties involved. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals reports that the illegal trafficking of exotic animals is a twenty-billion dollar industry (Eaton). Even though many states have laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals, they continue to be illegally purchased through easy access websites, exotic animal brokers, exotic animal breeders, and exotic animal auctions held at livestock yards. There were even reports of one Texas woman selling tiger cubs from the back of her car in a Wal-Mart parking lot. I recently visited the website ExoticAnimalsForSale. net and discovered over six-hundred advertisements for exotic animals that were being sold. The animals ranged from large game cats to exotic birds and dangerous reptiles. Interested buyers can simply purchase these animals with one click of the mouse. The ease of illegally purchasing exotic animals has made this industry considerably successful. The lack of awareness and ignorance of many people that own exotic animals has been the cause of many incidents or attacks that have occurred. Recently, Terry Thompson, of Zanesville, Ohio, released his fifty-six exotic animals from their secure cages and then took his own life, enabling the animals to dangerously roam the farmland surrounding the moderately populated community. Most of the exotic animals released were extremely dangerous and posed a threat to the public. That afternoon, law enforcement officials were ordered to shoot and kill eighteen Bengal tigers, seventeen lions, six black bears, three mountain lions, two grizzly bears, two wolves, and one baboon. One other primate, a macaque monkey was reported missing, but later the remains were found and had been half eaten by another animal. Zoologist and animal activist were appalled that all the animals had to be exterminated, especially the eighteen Bengal tigers; a species that is currently found on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). Although forty-nine of them had to be killed, only one bear, two monkeys, and three leopards were successfully trapped and transferred to the nearby Columbus Zoo. Investigation later revealed that Thompson was not a sane person. He had past run-ins with the law concerning the welfare of his animals, and he had been convicted of animal cruelty in 2005. Similar incidents have occurred concerning the dangers of exotic animal ownership. Like the couple from Grain Valley, Missouri who were charged with endangering the welfare of a child when their pet ferret chewed off seven of their infant son’s fingers down to the knuckle. The news has reported many other shocking exotic animal incidents that have occurred this year. In Connecticut, a television animal star chimpanzee bit off both hands and mauled the face and of an elderly woman. In Florida, the death of a two year old girl who was squeezed to death in her crib by a pet python raised many concerns with the government officials that enforce animal ownership laws. These incidents, as well as many others, have shown that protective action must be taken immediately by law makers. The leniency in laws that prohibit the sale and purchase of exotic animals does not come without consequences. The Exotic Animal Incidents database compiled by the animal protection agency Born Free USA reports that seventy-five human deaths and over fifteen-hundred non-fatal incidents have occurred over the last twenty-one years (Whyte). As a result of the Zanesville incident, Ohio Governor John R. Kasich issued an executive order requesting state agencies to increase inspections and enforce stricter laws relating to animal health, captivity, and cruelty. The executive order called for The Ohio Department of Health, The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, and The Ohio Department of Agriculture to cooperate in the detailed investigation and additional inspection of private exotic animal owners and their facilities where wild animals are being bred, raised, and exploited. Ownership of exotic animals is legal in nine states, and in thirty other states, exotic animal ownership is legal if permits are simply applied for through state and local organizations (Kirpalani). These states must revise this easy process that they have developed. The laws should make exotic animal ownership harder. The process should weed out those individuals that are not competent enough to care for these animals. Our federal government has only one law in place to regulate the treatment of animals. The Animal Welfare Act, signed in 1996, requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale, used in research, commercially transported, or exhibited to the public (USDA). Exotic animals should never be pets. They are wild animals and should be treated as if they are roaming free in their natural habitat, not at the cost of entertainment and human profits. It is imperative that state lawmakers and government officials take immediate action to pass strong legislation to protect the world’s exotic animals. Without these laws in place, many more animals will be held captive, mistreated, and set up as a danger to the public. Exotic animals should be in legitimate zoos where they can live in appropriate habitats, receive proper veterinary care, and adequate nutrition. Only professionals in a zoo should have the responsibility of providing the care and attention that these innocent animals deserve.

Moral values Essay Example for Free

Moral values Essay This approach to humanitarian emergencies has been accepted by newer humanitarian agencies and NGOs, like Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). These agencies and NGOs reject the principle of neutr4ality, and instead support the principle of impartiality that allows them to make a judgment on a conflict situation, that is, to speak out. 5 For instance, MSF claims that it refuses to wait for the approval of all parties before acting. It insists on the right to speak out in the face of human rights violations, because [it is] not sure that speaking out always saves lives, but [it is] certain that silence kills. However, the integration of human rights into humanitarianism would imply that aid is withheld in cases that the conditions for the effective humanitarian action are not in place. 6 This conditionality in aid has some serious consequences. Fox warns the danger of aid conditionality. should NGOs be doing politics? The notion that aid agencies can predict the long-term impact of humanitarian interventions; No matter how mush we want to act in a way beneficial in the long-term, its pretty much an exercise in ideological vanity. It also begs the question as whether aid workers should be making important political decisions. 2) Risks of losing humanitarian space. New humanitarians accept that speaking out carries a risk of losing access to those in need but they insist this is a price worth paying for drawing international attention to human rights abuses. Agencies cannot expect immunity or humanitarian space if the are leaning towards solidarity. Another risk of politicizing humanitarian aid is that aid agencies are seen to have lost their independence from western governments whose aid policies have often had more to do with promoting national interests than meeting human needs. The human rights approach means the elevation of political rights over basic needs. Many would argue that such suffering may be justified in the short-term in order to alleviate the long-term suffering of women in Afghan society? The danger of the new developmental relief is that it puts strengthening processes and institutions before saving lives. What always distinguished humanitarian aid from developmental aid was the minimalist goal of saving a life. Using humanitarian aid to promote peace and justice will save more lives in the long term. The logic is that lives lost now can help save lives in the future. People are left to suffer and die in the interests of a long-term political solution. Humanitarian assistance is supposed to help people and protect them from suffering and abuse is missing from developmental aid. It is not possible to analyze the changing nature of humanitarian aid without at least asking whether new humanitarianism is a new form of colonialism. Those groups that comply with the Western version of human rights and conflict resolution will receive aid. Those that reject western values will be left to their fate. In this way conditional humanitarian aid is becoming yet another tool available to western governments to control developing countries. Defining a new universal set of moral values. Developmental relief and the new human rights humanitarianism are all based on western moral values which are necessarily posited in opposition to the barbarism of conflicts in developing countries. One principle worth reviving from the list of traditional humanitarian assistance is universalism- the right of everyone to receive humanitarian relief in times of crisis. People dying without food, water, and medicines should receive unconditional humanitarian aid. The human rights approach, developmental aid and the rejection of neutrality amount to the politicization of humanitarian aid. Humanitarian aid cannot be divorced from politics. Warring sides, international agencies and foreign governments can manipulate relief for political ends. But the political manipulation of humanitarian aid is entirely different to the conscious use of humanitarian aid by agencies to pursue the political ends that is proposed by new humanitarianism.

Types of Businesses

Types of Businesses Outline Definition of each Business model Break down of each model Memorandum Sole Proprietorship: enterprise that is owned and controlled by one person and where there is no legal distinction between the proprietor and the enterprise. General Partnership: A partnership is fashioned when two or more individuals consents to carry on an enterprise jointly. Limited Partnership: Where two or more parties join together to from a company where the management is broken down into general partnerships and limited partnerships. C-Corporation: As a rule most clear trait of the corporation is that it is officially regarded as a private unit, disconnected from its proprietors, who are own the shares of the company. S-Corporation: A special form of corporation that that has the benefits of limited liability but the profits and losses go right to the shareholders. Limited Liability Company: type of company, authorized only in some states, whose owners and managers receive the limited liability and (usually) tax benefits of an S Corporation without having to conform to the S corporation restrictions. Break Down Of Each Model Sole Proprietorship: Liability: All resources of the enterprise are possessed by the owner and all amounts outstanding of the enterprise are their debts and they must pay them from their personal funds. This means that the proprietor has infinite liability. Income Taxes: All earnings from the company will be taxed as income. Sole proprietors are required to report all the companys earnings or lack or earnings on their private tax return; the enterprise itself is not taxed independently. The owner pays self employment tax. Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: Sole proprietors have a track recorded of limited longevity because of the fact that their have a harder time finding funding. Most if not all of the funding comes from the individual owners assists. This also influences the enterprises ability to grow in the future. Control: Sole Proprietorship offer the most control of any enterprise. The owner has all the say in how the company is ran. Profit Retention: Sole Proprietorships offer the most returns on profits to the owner. In a nutshell anything that the company makes as profits are in fact the owners because from a legal stand point the company and the owner are the same. Location: Sole Proprietorships can pretty much be anywhere. Yet, depending on the laws of the areas that one is doing operating in it may be necessary to get a DBA or Doing Business As certificate. This can be filled at most county clerks office throughout the United States. Convenience or Burden: A sole proprietor has absolute command and managerial clout over the establishment. Selling or transferring can happen at the option of the owner. The owner doesnt pay a corporate tax. Burdens of a sole proprietorship are that the proprietor is legally responsible for the sum unpaid and commitment of the enterprise. Furthermore, broaden to any responsibilities acquired by deeds carry out by staff of the business. All tasks and day to day running is done by the owner. It is very hard to get investors to invest their funds in these types of companies. General Partnership: Liability: All resources of the enterprise are possessed by the owners and all debts of the enterprise are their debts and they must pay them from their personal funds. This means that the proprietors have all the liability. Yet, the liability is shared so some kind of a buffer exists. Income Taxes: All earnings from the company will be taxed as income. The proprietors are required to report all the companys earnings or lack of earnings on their personal tax return; the enterprise itself is not taxed separately. Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: General Partnership have a track recorded of limited longevity because of the fact that their have a harder time finding funding. Most if not all of the funding comes from the proprietors owners assists. This also influences the enterprises ability to grow in the future. Control: Each proprietor usually has an equal amounted vest in the partnership and therefore has equal amount of control. Profit Retention: Each proprietor usually has an equal amounted vest in the partnership and therefore usually has an equal share of the profits. Location: General Partnership can pretty much be anywhere. Yet depending on the laws of the areas that one is doing operating in it may be necessary to get a DBA or Doing Business As certificate. This can be filled at most county clerks office throughout the United States. Also most if not all of General Partnership have some form of a legal written contract so once more it just depends on what state and area one is doing business in if they would have to fill the exact contract at the court house or not. Convenience or Burden: General partnerships provide a means of coming up with funds fast, and can let many individuals merge assets and skills to help the company.The major burden is the owners are accountable for whatever actions the company makes good or bad. All partners may also be held responsible for amount outstanding, choices, and measures done by the other associates or partners. Limited Partnership: Liability: offer personal liability protection for limited partners, but not for general partners Income Taxes: profits from the Limited Partnership generally pass through the partnership and will be reported on the personal income tax returns of the partner Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: of limited longevity because of the fact that their have a harder time finding funding. Often times this is used for fast get in get out types of transactions. Funding is found in the form of investors who become limited partners. Control: General partners make have the most control and limited partners have the least. Profit Retention: Profit Retention is normally based on how much money that the partner puts into the company/venture and at what level the partner is operating as a general or limited partner in the company. Location: required to file documents with the relevant state registration office. Convenience or Burden: A limited partnership is a good fit for those who have the money to invest but doesnt have time needed to run the company or the skill sets to see that things are done right. The major burdens all the paper work it takes to fill this kind og company at the state level. Also general partners are fully liable for everything that happens good or bad. C-Corporation: Liability protects your personal assets by creating a business entity that is distinct and can operate under its own name. Income Taxes: Corporation taxed on its earnings at a corporate level and shareholders are taxed on any distributed dividends Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: They tend to have a longer life span due to the fact that its easier these businesses to seek outside investment. Control: There are many ways that a corporation can operate but for the most part major decisions must be approved by the share holders or the members of the board. Profit Retention: All profits are kept by the company. Salaries are paid based on work that is done for the company. There is no pass through profits to one single person or groups. Location: registered with your secretary of state Convenience or Burden: If a person who owns stock passes away dies or wants to dump their shares, the corporation can still go on without them. Its easier to raise money as a corporation. The business and owners are not one in the same. The enterprise shareholders have no personal legal responsibility for debt made by the company. The biggest draw back is they get taxed twice. S-Corporation: Liability protects your personal assets by creating a business entity that is distinct and can operate under its own name. Income Taxes: one has to fill an IRS Form 2553, the C Corp. becomes a S Corp., the earnings and debts are passed along to the people who own shares in the company. Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: They tend to have a longer life span due to the fact that its easier these businesses to seek outside investment. Control: There are many ways that a corporation can operate but for the most part major decisions must be approved by the share holders or the members of the board. Profit Retention: after paying a reasonable salary to the shareholders working in the business can be passed through as distributions of profits and are not subject to self-employment taxes. Location: registered with your secretary of state. Convenience or Burden: You can have the shelter of limited personal liability without higher taxes. Some burdens are the numerous regulations and requirements must be upheld by an S Corporation, as well as having how many shareholders it can have. Like a C Corp. setting up is expensive and there is a lot of red tape to follow. Limited Liability Company: Liability: the owners are called members, are not accountable stuff that the company did or any money that the company owes. Income Taxes: has major plasticity in this regard because its up to the owners how they pick to be taxed. In example they can pick to be taxed as sole proprietor, partnership, S-corp. or corporation. Longevity or Continuity of the Organization: LLCs are one of the more stable forms of business, because they tend to out live the person who started them.. Control: It doesnt need a board of directors so one can keep most of the control on how the business is run. Profit Retention: The entity is not taxed (unless chosen to be taxed); the earnings and debts are passed along to the people who own shares in the company. Location: registered with your secretary of state Convenience or Burden: It is frequently more accommodating than a corporation and it is complementary for businesses with a solitary proprietor. There is a lack of uniformity among limited liability company statutes. Businesses that operate in more than one state may not receive consistent treatment.

The Ethics of Violence in Computer Games :: Technology Essays

The Ethics of Violence in Computer Games Violence in video games was never a hot topic until April 20th, 1999. After the Columbine High School shooting rocked the nation with its unbelievable random brutality, a shocked nation searched for answers. There must have been some reason for Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold’s bloody rampage. The nation needed a scapegoat for this horrible event, something to take the blame. A lot of the blame landed on the media, the music industry, and violent video games. The debate over how video games influence kids still continues. There are many opinions on how harmful or harmless video games really are. Recently, many legislators seem to have decided that video games are, in fact, very harmful to kids. Legislation is currently being created to restrict and censor violent video games. Traditionally, parents have been the ones responsible and in control of what their children were exposed to on the computer. Now legislators want to govern what kids are exposed to rather than trust this jo b to the parents. This is a departure from how other forms of media are governed. Kids are legally allowed to buy any kind of music regardless of parental advisories and to view any kind of violence on TV. It is the parents’ job to determine if their kids are allowed to listen to that music or watch that TV. It should remain the same way with video games. It is unethical to take these choices out of the parents’ hands. It is the parents’ responsibility and right to raise their children how they see fit. However, the industry also has an important role to play. The music industry puts parental advisories on music content parents may find inappropriate and parents are informed of channel content when they sign up for cable. Likewise, the game industry needs to improve upon their methods of informing parents of the content in their games. Parents should be responsible for regulating the types of games their kids are exposed to, however, the video game industry has a responsibility to accurately and honestly communicate the level of violence depicted in their games. The effects of video games on kids is a relatively new topic of research. Initial studies have resulted in inconclusive and conflicting results. Most researchers have simply decided that video games should have the same negative effect on children as TV does, since the two mediums appear to be so similar.

Sex Education in Schools Essay -- Teaching Education

Sex Education in Schools Sex education in schools now seems to be more and more of a controversial issue. People are arguing over what the curriculum should be in sex education, if it should be taught in schools or at home by parents and the main point of this paper if sex education is actually doing what it was set out to do. The idea behind this paper is to determine if sex education in schools really does keep down the amount of teens with STD’s or who become pregnant. The definition of sex education according to SIECUS (2002) â€Å"Sexuality education is a lifelong process of acquiring information and forming attitudes, beliefs, and values. It encompasses sexual development, reproductive health, interpersonal relationships, affection, intimacy, body image, and gender roles.† Sex education discusses important aspects of reproduction, sexuality, and just growing up in general in a physical and emotional sense. One would have to wonder though; does sex education actually serve its purpose? Does it enlighten teens enough about sex and the consequences, to the point where you can actually tell the difference between those who are sexually educated and those who are not? According to a study done bye Coyle (1999) sex education no matter where, at home or in school, and no matter the program does indeed help decrease the amount of teens having unsafe sex. Based on information from that same study about 3 million teenagers a year get an STD, and roughly 10% of adolescent females ages 15-19 get pregnant every year unintentionally. In an article from The Alan Guttmacher Institute (1999) there has been a 20% drop in female p regnancies between n 1990 and 1997 and the drop has continued, they have stated that the reason for this i... ...ow that sex education does indeed decrease the amount of teens who become pregnant and contract STD’s. There are a lot of people who choose to ignore statistics which state that they themselves and their children are at risk of getting a disease which would change their lives forever, or ignore the idea that their child could be having sex, and young teens who don’t believe they can get pregnant the first time having sex. Sex education informs and is an important part of a curriculum, just as much as Math and English, because an education is harder to get if you have a baby or if you spend a lot of time in the doctor’s office. Life is by no means over if a disease is contracted or if a baby is born, but it is defiantly life altering and it is by far better to know and be able to protect yourself than it is to be sheltered from what a few people could find profane.